Which theory emphasizes conflict, dominance, and oppression in social relationships?

Conflict Theory is the correct answer as it is grounded in the understanding that society is characterized by groups competing for limited resources and power. This theory focuses on how dominant groups maintain their position through oppression and exploitation of subordinate groups, highlighting the inherent conflicts that arise due to inequality.

In social relationships, this theory posits that various forms of conflict—economic struggles, social stratification, and power dynamics—are key elements that shape individuals' experiences and interactions. Conflict Theory encourages social workers to analyze broader societal structures and the inequalities entrenched within them, advocating for social change and justice.

The other theories listed, while providing valuable insights into social dynamics, do not primarily focus on conflict. Symbolic Interactionism emphasizes the meanings and interactions of individuals, valuing personal perspectives and small-scale social interactions. Functionalism views society as a complex system of interrelated parts where each aspect serves a purpose, often underlining stability rather than conflict. Social Exchange Theory examines social relationships through the lens of cost-benefit analysis, focusing more on individual motivations than on the systemic power struggles central to Conflict Theory.